Institut de technologie

Un institut de technologie ou une université de technologie — on rencontre aussi les terminologies suivantes : université polytechnique, technikon ou université technique — est un établissement d'enseignement supérieur spécialisé dans l'apprentissage des techniques : l'ingénierie, la technologie, les sciences appliquées et parfois les sciences naturelles. Ces termes et leurs variantes recouvrent des significations différentes selon les langues ou les pays : dans certains pays, ces instituts de technologie et universités polytechniques sont des catégories bien définies ; dans d’autres, comme aux États-Unis, il s'agit simplement de noms spécifiques sans signification formelle.

República Portuguesa　

先史時代とローマ化

紀元前1000年ごろにイベリア半島に到達したフェニキア人によって青銅器文明がもたらされ、ギリシャ人もこの地を訪れた。当時この地にはイベリア人が定住していたが、紀元前900年ごろから断続的にケルト人が侵入を続けた。  紀元前201年に第二次ポエニ戦争に勝利したローマ共和国は、それまでイベリア半島に進出していたカルタゴに代わって半島への進出を始めた。先住民のルシタニア人はヴィリアトゥスの指導のもとでローマ人に抵抗したが、紀元前133年にはほぼローマによるイベリア半島の平定が完了し、現在のポルトガルに相当する地域は属州ルシタニアとガラエキアに再編された。これ以降、「ローマの平和」のもとでイベリア半島のラテン化が進んだ。

Τάρτησσος

Tartessos (Spanish: Tarteso) is, as defined by archaeological discoveries,an historical civilization settled in the region of Southern Spain characterized by its mixture of local Paleohispanic and Phoenician traits. It had a proper writing system, identified as Tartessian, that includes some 97 inscriptions in a Tartessian language. In the historical records Tartessos (Greek: Ταρτησσός) or Tartessus appears as a antecessor semi-mythica harbor city and the surrounding culture on the south coast of the Iberian Peninsula (in modern Andalusia, Spain), at the mouth of the Guadalquivir River. It appears in sources from Greece and the Near East starting during the first millennium BC. Herodotus, for example, describes it as beyond the Pillars of Heracles (Strait of Gibraltar).Roman authors tend to echo the earlier Greek sources but from around the end of the millennium there are indications that the name Tartessos had fallen out of use and the city may have been lost to flooding, though several authors attempt to identify it with cities of other names in the area.The Greek historians describe Tartessos as the first Western civilization.

República Portuguesa

Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa [ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ]), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira. It features the westernmost point in continental Europe, and its Iberian portion is bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain, the sole country to have a land border with Portugal. Its two archipelagos form two autonomous regions with their own regional governments. Lisbon is the capital and largest city by population.